CALangDoc

About Merriam’s digitized word lists

The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley digitized its microfilm copies of Merriam’s word lists and put them up on archive.org. These digital copies are difficult to navigate, because they is organized by microfilm reel rather than by list, or by language. I am not affiliated with the Bancroft Library, but I made this page to help interested researchers find the Merriam word lists that are relevant to their research. You can read more here.

Links to Merriam’s word lists

Links to individual word lists can be found below, organized by language group. The groups are listed in a geographical order, roughly from the northwest to the southeast, as in the original collection. Merriam’s names for each group, and Heizer’s (1966) numerical classification, are in parentheses. Language names and language groupings that are not from Merriam himself are either from Golla (2011) or from the Bancroft finding aid.

The word-list links are to the first page of each resource. Once you have clicked through to a list, use your right arrow key to page forward through the document. Some lists represent multiple languages, so be sure to read Merriam’s notes at the beginning of each list!

This page is under construction. Links to all available digitized “vocabulary” lists are present, but not all links to “natural history vocabulary” lists have been added.

Dene/Athabaskan (Athapascan)

Tolowa (Tolowa, Huss [1a])
Hupa group (Hoopa)
Hupa (Hoopa, Tin'-nung-hen-na'-o [1b])
Whilkut ('Hwil'-kut [1d])
Mattole-Bear River
Mattole (Mat-tol' [1f])
Bear River (Nek'-kan-ni [1n])
Wailaki or Nongatl group (Wilakke, Nung'-hahl)
Northern Sinkyone (Lo-lahn'-kok [1g])
Shelter Cove Sinkyone (To-cho'-be [1h])
Nongatl (Lassick, Ket-tel' [1i])
Lassik (Set-ten-bi'-den [1j])
Eel River Wailaki (Tsen-nah'-ken-nes [1k])
Kato (Kahto, To-chil-pe-ke'ah-hahng [1o])

Yurok (Polikla)

Coast Yurok (Ner'-er-ner' [2a])
Yurok (Polikla [2b])

Wiyot (Soolahteluk)

3 dialects of Wiyot are Patawat (Pah'-te-wat [3a]), Wiki (We'-ke [3b]), and Wiyat (We'-yot [3c]). Merriam’s vocabulary and natural history word lists for Wiyot are not separated by dialect.

Northern Yukian (Yukean)

Coast Yuki (Oo'-ko-ton-til'-kah [4a])
Yuki
(Oo'-ko-ton-til'-kah [4b])
(Kah'-shut-sit'-nu [4c])
Eden Valley, Witukom-no’m (Wet-oo'-kum-nom [4e])

Southern Yukian / Wappo (Mi-yahk'-mah)

Mishewal (Mish'-a-wel [4h])
Mayacama (Mi-yahk-mah [4j])

Klamath-Modoc (Lutuamean)

(Mo'-dok [5a])

Shastan

Konomihu (Ko'-no-me'-ho [6a])
Kikatsik (Ke'-kahts [6c])
(O-kwahn'-noo-choo [6d])
(Hah-to-ke'-he-wuk [6e])
New River Shasta (Tlo'-hom-tah'-hoi [6f,9a])

Palaihnihan (Achomawan)

(A-choo'-mah'-we [7a])
(As-tah-ke-wi'-che [7b])
(At-wum'-we [7c])
Hammawi (Ham-mah'-we [7d])
Madesiwi, Mahdesi (Mo-des'-se [7h])
Atsugewi (At-soo-ka-e [7j])
Apwaruge (Ap-woo'-ro-ka'-e [7k])

Karuk (Karok)

(Ar'-rahr [8a])
(Kah-rah'-ko-hah [8b])

New River Shasta (Tlohomtahhoi)

New River Shasta (Tlo'-hom-tah'-hoi [9a,6f])

Chimariko (Chemareko)

Chimariko (Chemareko [10a])

Yana (Yahnah)

Yana (Yah'-nah [11a])

Pomo

Northern Pomo
Sherwood Valley, Mato (Mah'-to-po'-mah [12a])
Little Lake, Mitom (Me-tum'-mah [12b])
Potter Valley (Po-mo'-ke-chah' [12d])
Upper Lake, Kaiyau (Ki-yow'-bahch [12g])
Central Pomo (Yokiah-Boyah Division)
Boya (Boyah [12h])
Anderson Valley (Tah'-bah-ta' [12i])
Yokaya (Yo-ki'-ah [12l])
Hopland, Shokowa (Sho-ko'-ah, Sha-nel [12n])
Southern Pomo (Mah'-kah-mo-chum'-mi, We-shum'-tat-tah)
Cloverdale, Makahmo (Mah-kah-mo-chum'-mi [12r])
Wishachamay (We'-shah'-chum-mi [12t])
(We-shum'-tat-tah [12v])
Eastern Pomo (Han-nah -bah-ᶜʰ, Clear Lake)
Danoha (Dan-no'-kah [12w])
Shigom (She'-kum [12x])
Bowal (Bo-al-ke'-ah [12y])
Kuhlanapo (Ku'-lan-na'-po [12z])
Habenapo, Khabenapo (Ha'-be-nap'-po [12aa])
Northeastern Pomo, Salt Pomo, Cheetido (Sho-te'-ah, Stony Creek Division [12bb])
Southeastern Pomo, Koi, Anamfo (Ham'-fo, Lower Lake Division [12cc])

Chumash

Samala, Inezeño (Kah'-sah-kom-pe'-ah [13c])
Ventureño (Chu-mahs [13e])
Emigdiano (Hool'-koo-koo [13f])

Yuman

Mojave, Mohave [14a]
Kumeyaay, Diegueño (Kam'-me-i [14b])

Washo (Washoo)

Washo (Washoo [15a])

Salinan (Ennesen)

(Antoniano, Kah-tri-tam [17a])
(Migueleno, Te-po-trahl [17b])

Ohlone, Costanoan (Olhonean)

Chocheño (Hor-de-on [18a])
Mutsun (Hoo'-mon-twash [18b])
Mutsun (Moot-soon' [18c])
Point Sur Rumsen (Kah'-koon, Room-se-en [18e])

Wintuan, Wintun (Wintoon)

See Whistler’s dissertation (ch. 3) for classification & synonymies. See Merriam’s map (p.260) for geographic locations.

Nomlaki (Central Wintoon, Nomlakke)
Paskenta (Nō´m-lăk-kĕ, Nō´m-lak´-ke, Nō´m-lik-kah [19f])
Redbank / Elder Creek (Wi-e´-ker´-ril [19g])
Grindstone (Dah´-chin-chin´-ne [19h], No-e-muk [19j ?])
Tehama (Te-ha´-mah [19i])
Red Bluff (No-e-muk [19j ?])
Patwin
Chico Maidu & Patwin (No-mel´-te-kĕ´-wis [19k])
Lodoga Hill Patwin (Choo-hel´-mem-shel, Choo-hel´-mem-sel [19l])
Tebti Hill Patwin (Chen´-po-sel [19m])
Lol Hill Patwin (Lol´-sel [19n])
Grimes River Patwin (Grimes, Pat´-win [19s])
South Patwin (Poo´-e-win [19t])

Maidu (Midoo)

Chico Maidu (Mitchopdo [20a])
Northeastern Maidu, Mountain Maidu, Maidu (Northern Division)
(No'-to-koi-yu [20b])
Konkow (Central Division)
Brownsville Valley Konkow (Tahn'-kum [20g])
Nisenan (Southern Division, Nissenan)
Northern Hill Nisenan (Kow'-wahk [20h])

Miwok (Mewan)

Mew-ko or Plains tribes
Lockeford, Mokelumni (Mo-kal'-um-ne [21l])
Western Miwok (In-ne-ko, Coast)
Lake Miwok (Tu-le-yo'-me [21q])

Yokuts (Yokut)

Chukchansi (Chuck-chan'-sy [22c])
Gashowu, Kassoyo (Kosh-sho'-o, Ko-shon [22j])
Nutunutu (No-to'-no-to [22p])
Tachi (Tah'-che [22q])
Wukchumni, Wikchamni (Wik-chum'-ne [22r])
Telamni (Ta-dum'-ne [22t])
Chunut (Choo'-nut [22u])
Yawdanchi, Yaulanchi (Yow-lan'-che [22x])
Koyeti (Ko-yet'-te [22z])
Palewyami, Paleuyami (Pal-low'-yam'-me [22aa])
Yawelmani, Yaulmani (Yow'-el-man'-ne [22cc])
Yawelmani, Tinlinin (Tin'-lin-ne [22dd])
Tulamni (Too-lol'-min [22ee])

Uto-Aztecan (Shoshone)

Mono Lake Paiute (Koo-tsab'-be dik'-ka [23b])
Western Mono (Monache Piute, Western Monache)
Western Mono (Nim, Monache [23d])
Western Mono (Ko-ko-he'-ba [23h])
Western Mono (Hol'-ko-mah [23j])
Western Mono (To-win-che'-ba [23k])
Western Mono (Wo'-pon-nutch [23l])
Western Mono (En'-tim-bitch [23m])
Waksachi Western Mono (Wuksa-che' [23n])
Owens Valley Paiute (Owens Lake Monache Piute)
Owens Valley Paiute, Bishop (To'-bo-ah-hax-ze [23r])
(No'-no-pi-ah [23t])
Serrano-Kitanemuk (Ke-tahn-na-mwits, Serrano)
Kitanemuk (Ke-tah'-na'-mwits [23aa])
Serrano-Vanyume (Mah'-re-ah-ne-um, Mah'-ring-i-um, Mo'-he-ah'-ne-um [23dd])
Cahuilla (Kah-we-sik-tem, Cahuilla)
Pass Cahuilla (Wah'-ne-ke'-tam, Mahl'-ke [23ff])
Desert Cahuilla (Kah-we-sik'-tem [23gg])
Mountain Cahuilla (Sow'-wis-pah-kik'-tem [23jj])
Mountain Cahuilla (Pow'-we-yam [23kk])
Cupeño (Koo'-pah [23mm])
Luiseño (A-katch'-mah, Luiseño)

All of Luiseño is represented by a single vocabulary list (V130), but the natural history word lists are separated by dialect.

Pechanga Luiseño (A-katch'-mah [23nn])
La Jolla and Soboba Luiseño (Pi-yum'-ko [23oo])
Soboba Luiseño (So-bo'-ba [23pp])

Tongva

Tongva (Gabrielino) [24a]

Tubatulabal (Tubotelobela)

Bankalachi-Toloim (Pahn'-ka-la'-che [25a])
Pahnkanapil-Tubatulabal (Tu'-bot-e-lob'-e-la [25b])

Miscellaneous, outside of California

(Ki-vav'-vit)
Yuma (Kwe-tsahn')

Merriam’s 8 vocabulary lists from Idaho (Bannok-kwaht, Snake), Nevada (Nu-vahˊ-ahn-dits Pi-yuˊ-che & Pa-nar-a-nap, Shoshone, So'-so'-ne) and Utah (Go'-she-ute, Siv'-vits, Ute) are on reel 50, which is unfortunately not available on archive.org.

Works cited

  • Golla, Victor. (2011) California Indian Languages. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Heizer, Robert F. (1966) Languages Territories and Names of California Indian Tribes. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Guide to the C. Hart Merriam Papers, Volume 1: Papers Relating to Work with California Indians, 1850-1974 (bulk 1898-1938)
    http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf8c6006rv/entire_text/